Pathogenic biofilms: leading contributors to recurrent vaginitis and cystitis

Recurrent cystitis and vaginitis have an increasing relevance in gynecological practice. Significant data on both the dramatic increase of bacterial resistance and common escalation of microbial aggression in urology and gynecology diseases suggest a connection with the frequent, and sometimes indiscriminate, use of antibiotics.
The abstract focuses on pathogenic biofilms, as they may lead to a new understanding of the pathogenesis of recurrent urogynecological infections.