Pathogenic biofilm in recurrent vaginitis and cystitis

Pathogenic biofilms are the emerging frontier of research and clinical strategies to face the challenging issue of increasing antibiotic resistances. In urology and gynecology, recurrent cystitis and vaginitis represent an important part of daily medical consultations. The failure of a clear diagnosis is often frustrating both for patients and physicians.
The aim of the presentation is to concisely review the evidence on pathogenic biofilm and to consider new non antibiotic strategies of intervention.